English+9+Midterm+Exam+Review+2015


 * Part 1: Short Stories **For each of the following short stories summarize the plot.

 **“The Cask of Amontillado” by Edgar Allan Poe**


 * **EXPOSITION: ** Carnival in Venice Italy, 1600s Italian Renaissance. Montressor explains that he is angry with Fortunato for previous injuries against him. Montressor vows revenge against Fortunato.


 * **RISING ACTION: ** Montressor tricks Fortunato and lures him into the catacombs.


 * **CLIMAX: ** Montressor chains Fortunato to the wall and turns a deaf ear to Fortunato’s screams for mercy.


 * **FALLING ACTION: ** Montressor seals Fortunato in the corner by building a wall brick by brick.


 * **RESOLUTION: ** 50 years later Montresor confesses for his sin. Rest in peace


 * **CONFLICT 1: ** Man vs man (Montresor wants to kill Fortunato)


 * **CONFLICT 2: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;"> Man vs self (Montresor feels guilty for killing Fortunato)


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">MOOD: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Suspenseful


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">THEME: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Vengeance can drive individuals to perform extreme acts.


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">POINT OF VIEW: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;"> 1st Person

<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;"> “**The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell**


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">EXPOSITION: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;"> Rainsford and Whitney are talking about hunting, they are on a yacht on their way to Rio to hunt jaguars, Whitney goes to bed and Rainsford stays up to smoke. Then Rainsford falls overboard.


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">RISING ACTION: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">He crawls through the gnarled jungle growth and along the shore until he makes it to a fortress/chateau managed under the watchful eye of the gun-toting butler/in-house torture specialist, Ivan. There he meets his host, a shady character named General Zaroff. Zaroff after getting bored hunting animals, he's begun hunting humans. Zaroff then hunts Rainsford.


 * **CLIMAX:** <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">Rainsford hurls himself over a cliff into the stormy waters below.


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 12px;">FALLING ACTION: ** <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">Zaroff figures that's the end of that and goes home to bed.


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">RESOLUTION **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">: Rainsford swims back to Zaroff’s house and hides in his bedroom and kills Zaroff


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">MOOD: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;"> Threatening, dangerous, foreboding, suspenseful, gloomy, grim, spooky


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">POINT OF VIEW **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">: <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Third-person limited point of view (The narrator is outside the story, and the reader only knows Rainsford’s feelings and thoughts.)


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">THEME: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Big game hunting (or hunting in general) for the sake of killing for a trophy is immoral.

<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">“**The Necklace” by Guy de Mapaussant**


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">EXPOSITION: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Madame Loisel is in her apartment dreaming of a better life. She is unhappy and dissatisfied with her social status and mediocre surroundings. Mme & Msr. L receive an invitation to a party at the Ministry. Mme. refuses to attend until she has something suitable to wear.
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">RISING ACTION: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;"> She borrows a diamond necklace from her friend Mme. F. Mme. L is stunning and has a fabulous time,
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">CLIMAX: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;"> Madame Loisel loses the necklace somewhere on theway home.
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">FALLING ACTION: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">They borrow the money from loan sharks and are forced to live a life of poverty for 10 years until their debts are paid off. Mme. L meets up with Mme F and tells her about the lost necklace, and her 10 years of hard labor and toil to repay the debts.
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">RESOLUTION: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;"> Mme. Forestier reveals the necklace is only ‘paste’, a fake and worth maybe 500 francs.
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">POINT OF VIEW **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">:This short story is told from the 3rd person limited
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">CONFLICT -//Internal –// **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Mme. Loisel vs. herself her excessive pride, materialism and shallowness cause her emotional torture as she feels she’s been deprived of luxuries
 * //<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">External – //**<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Mme. Loisel vs. M. different values (although he is tolerant of her behavior and wants to please her)
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">THEME **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">People should be happy with what they have
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Honesty is the best policy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">You may pay a terrible price for greed and desire (Mme. L’s fatal flaw, her desire for material things, her ‘fakeness’ just like the necklace)
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">IRONY **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">– Mme. L borrows a necklace to fit in with the rich people she envies, but the loss of the necklace results in her being poorer than she was. After Mme. L loses the necklace & must repay the debt, she endures 10 years of hardship only to find out the necklace is a fake. Mme. Loisel’s intense desire for a different life is then equally matched by her intense suffering.


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">MOOD- **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;"> The mood of this story changes as the characters and their priorities change. In the beginning, Madame L is disappointed, but then she has a great time at the party and the mood shifts to one of excitement and enjoyment. After losing the necklace, Madame L’s priorities change and the mood changes to one of tragedy and loss.

<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;"> “**The Scarlet Ibis” by James Hurst**


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">EXPOSITION **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';"> -The setting is in a southern US state on a small plantation where the narrator and his new baby brother are introduced. The narrator's little brother is born with disabilities and health conditions. The major conflict becomes the narrator’s inability to accept his physically challenged brother for who he is.
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">RISING ACTION **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';"> -Once the narrator realizes he is ‘stuck’ with Doodle his pride convinces him to teach Doodle to be “NORMAL”. Once they are able to teach Doodle to walk he believes it is possible to teach Doodle other things and pushes him harder. One day during the summer the family finds a scarlet ibis which dies in their yard. Doodle for some odd reason develops a connection with this bird.
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">CLIMAX **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';"> -On the last day of training the boys are at Old Woman swamp and Doodle shows that he is too weak to continue training. The narrator is upset and as they decide to go home a thunderstorm rolls in and the narrator begins running home. Doodle however, cannot keep up and calls out “brother don’t leave me”.
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">FALLING ACTION **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';"> -The narrator turns back for his brother and finds him dead under a bush in a similar position as the ibis.
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">RESOLUTION **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';"> -The narrator recalls how his selfish pride killed Doodle.
 * **TONE** -Grief: Memories of those who have died, perhaps a child.
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">THEME - ** <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">personal pride can destroy those we love
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">POINT OF VIEW- **first person
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">CONFLICTS- **
 * Narrator vs. Self -Guilt ( Main Conflict)
 * Doodle vs. Handicap
 * Narrator vs. Doodle (doesn't want a handicapped brother)
 * === FLASHBACK -<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">A character within a story pauses to remember something that happened prior to the current situation; <span class="qdef" style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 16px;">In "The Scarlet Ibis", the narrator remembers when he was 6 years old, at the time of his brother, Doodle's, birth. ===


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Part 2: Novella **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">For the following novella summarizes the plot.

<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;"> //Of Mice and Men// by John Steinbeck <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;"> Plot Summary:
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">EXPOSITION **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">-The setting is 1930s (The Great Depression) on a ranch in the Salinas Valley in California. Lennie and George had just escaped from Weed, where Lennie was being hunted for accidentally ripping the dress off a woman. It's peaceful. Lennie and George talk about rabbits and the farm they're going to own. George tells Lennie that if there's any trouble, to meet him at the river.


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">RISING ACTION **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">-When Lennie gets into a fight with Curley, then accidentally kills his puppy.


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">CLIMAX **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">-When Lennie accidentally kills Curley's wife.


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">FALLING ACTION **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">-Lennie runs away from the ranch, while Curley and a mob of men go searching for him. George soon finds Lennie and begins telling him about their ideal life on the farm.


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">RESOLUTION **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">-George shoots Lennie in the back of the head.


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">ONOMATOPOEIA - **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">The use of a word whose sound suggests its meaning, as in clang, buzz, and twang. We hear the horseshoes clang outside of the bunk house.


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">POINT OF VIEW - **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Omniscient Third person **(**omniscient is the "all-seeing" point of view-the reader is allowed to know everything that goes on and is able to learn about things that the characters cannot see.


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">THEMES - **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">loneliness
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">hopes and dreams
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">dignity and pride
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">morality
 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">The American Dream


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Part 3: Literary Devices **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Define the following terms and give an example for each.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Antagonist: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">character or element in conflict with the protagonist


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Protagonist: ** <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">the main character in a story


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Suspense: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">anxiety, excitement or apprehension resulting from an uncertain, undecided, or mysterious situation.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Theme: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">a message about life or human nature that is communicated by a literary work. EX. in “The Lie” one theme is that lying brings more trouble than the truth


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Mood: ** <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">a feeling that a literary work conveys to the reader -in “The Clown,” mood is light hearted & fun


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Irony: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">a contrast between what is expected and what actually exists or happens.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Verbal **: <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">(sarcasm) a statement in which the meaning that is employed; is sharply different


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Dramatic: ** <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">The audience knows something that the characters in the story do not know., occurs when another character(s) and/or the audience know more than one or more characters on stage about what is happening.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Situational: ** <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">When something happens that is different than you expect.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Direct Characterization: ** <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">the writer tells you directly about the character


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Indirect Characterization: ** <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">the character is revealed through their personality, appearance, words, actions, and effect on others


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Figurative Language: ** <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">use of metaphor, imagery, hyperbole, etc.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Symbol: **<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">Something that stands for something else.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Foreshadowing: **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">hints from the author about future events

<span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">**Conflict:** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">The tension between opposing forces in a work of literature.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">Man vs. man, Man vs. self, Man vs. society, and Man vs. nature


 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">Dynamic character **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Georgia','serif';"> -A character who changes in some important way.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Static Character: ** A character who remains fundamentally the same.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Flat Character: **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Round Character: **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Simile: **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">A comparison of two seemingly unalike things using like or as. Ex: She was as pretty as a flower.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Metaphor: **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Georgia','serif';">A comparison of two seemingly unalike things without using like or as. Ex: The building was a giant.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Hyperbole: ** A figure of speech in which an overstatement or exaggeration is used for deliberate effect


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Personification: **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Giving human qualities to animals or objects.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Allusion: **reference to a famous person, place, event, or work of literature. EX: In “Playing for keeps,” the narrator makes allusion to Wyatt Earp, a famous lawman of the American West, when he describes how Johnny stood up to the alien.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Tone ** the writer's attitude toward the material and/or readers. The tone may be playful formal intimate angry serious ironic outraged baffled tender serene depressed or combinations


 * <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Idiom: ** <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">An accepted phrase or expression having a meaning different from the literal


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